空手用語
Courtesy of the JKA of New York / New Jersey
○ Pronunciation ○ Numbers ○ Stances ○ Arm Attacks
○ Leg Attacks ○ Levels of Attacks ○ Blocks ○ Dojo Kun
○ Kata
○ Kumite ○ General Terms ○ Tournament Terms
発音 All vowels are
short and pronounced as follows:
あ "a" as in
"father"
い "i" as in
"teen" except shorter
う "u" as in
"boot" except shorter
え "e" as in
"bet"
お "o" as in
"boat" except shorter and without the off-glide
Longer vowel sounds are the same sounds as
above, but given more time.
あゝ "aa," a longer
"a"
いゝ "ii," a longer
"i"
うゝ "uu," a longer
"u"
えゝ "ei," a longer
"e"
おゝ "oh," a longer
"o"
Except for the above, if you see two or
more vowels in a row, they are each pronounced clearly without becoming a
single diphthong. An apostrophe is used where a glottal stop occurs (like
between the "n" and the second "a" when pronouncing
"an apple").
Consonants always take their "hard " sounds. So
"gi" is
pronounced with a hard "g" (i.e., not "ji"). "Ch" is always as
in "cheese."
The hyphens don't mean anything but serve
to distinguish separate syllables when it might be ambiguous, or to separate a
word into two semantic parts. There shouldn't be a pause for hyphens.
Parentheses are used whenever a word might
be omitted by some people, or if the translation could mean more than one
thing. For example, "nukite," literally only means "spear hand," which is
just the name of the "weapon" you form with your hand, but it is also often
used to mean the attack, "spear-hand thrust." So "thrust" is in
parentheses.
Quotation marks are used on the English
side to distinguish between literal translations of the Japanese terms from
their more figurative meanings (quotes indicate literal translation).
数字
一 1 ichi
二 2 ni
三 3 san
四 4 shi (yon)
五 5 go
六 6 roku
七 7 shichi (nana)
八 8 hachi
九 9 ku (kyuu) (Q)
十 10 juu
When counting for class, just pronounce
the first syllable of bisyllabic numbers (i.e., ich, rok, shich, hach), for
shorter, sharper counting.
立ち方
八字立ち hachiji-dachi
(hachinoji-dachi) -- ready stance
前屈立ち zenkutsu-dachi -- front stance
後屈立ち koh-kutsu-dachi -- back stance
騎馬立ち kiba-dachi -- horse stance /
saddle stance
猫足立ち neko-ashi-dachi -- cat stance
壮鎮立ち sochin-dachi / fudoh-dachi --
"immovable" stance
三戦立ち sanchin-dachi --
"hourglass" stance
半月立ち hangetsu-dachi -- "half
moon" stance
手技
突 き tsuki -- punch
順突き oi-zuki -- lunge punch
逆突き gyaku-zuki -- reverse punch
刻突き kizami-zuki -- jab punch
抜き手 nukite -- spear-hand
(thrust)
裏 拳 ura-ken -- back hand
(strike)
猿 臂 empi -- elbow (strike)
足技
蹴 り keri -- kick
前蹴り mae-geri -- front (snap)
kick
廻蹴り mawashi-geri -- round house kick
蹴込み (yoko-geri) kekomi -- side thrust
kick
蹴上げ (yoko-geri) keage -- side snap kick
後蹴り ushiro-geri -- back (thrust)
kick
標的
上段 joh-dan "upper level" /
face
中段 chuudan "middle level" /
stomach / solar plexus
下段 gedan
"lower level" / groin
受技
挙げ受け age-uke
rising block
腕 受け ude-uke
"arm block", outside block
外 受け soto-uke
outside block (see above)
内 受け uchi-uke
inside block
下段払い gedan barai down block / "lower
level sweep"
猿臂受け empi-uke elbow
block
手刀受け shuto-uke
knife-hand block
流し受け nagashi-uke
"flushing block" / deflecting block
掻き分け kakiwake-uke two-handed
"separating" block
諸手受け morote-uke double forearm
block
十字受け juuji-uke two-handed
"cross" block,
(heian godan)
背腕受け haiwan-uke (two-handed)
"back arm" block,
(heian nidan)
背手受け haisyu-uke (two-handed)
"back knife-hand" block,
(heian yondan)
縦手刀受け tate-shuto-uke half knife-hand block,
(chinte)
押さえ受け osae-uke
dropping palm block,